{"id":14925,"date":"2019-11-06T13:51:45","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T13:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iamaw.ca\/?p=14925"},"modified":"2026-02-13T09:45:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T09:45:21","slug":"discrimination-fondee-sur-le-statut-familial-la-decision-de-la-cour-supreme-du-canada-confirme-le-maintien-dun-critere-rigoureux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iamunion.kinex12.com\/fr\/discrimination-fondee-sur-le-statut-familial-la-decision-de-la-cour-supreme-du-canada-confirme-le-maintien-dun-critere-rigoureux\/","title":{"rendered":"Discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial : la d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada confirme le maintien d\u2019un crit\u00e8re rigoureux"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ivana Saula,
\ndirectrice de la recherche du Canada <\/em><\/p>\n

Le statut familial en tant que motif de distinction illicite est relativement nouveau dans le domaine du droit des droits de la personne. Il est entendu qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019obligations parentales ou familiales ce qui incluent les soins fournis \u00e0 un enfant ou \u00e0 une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e. La d\u00e9finition du droit prot\u00e9g\u00e9 est uniforme d\u2019une juridiction \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Mais, le champ de comp\u00e9tence et l\u2019application ne sont pas aussi bien d\u00e9finis. Les r\u00e9centes modifications qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9es au Code canadien du travail <\/em>et la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cision rendue par la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada n\u2019ont pas permis de clarifier la question. La d\u00e9cision met plut\u00f4t en lumi\u00e8re la complexit\u00e9 de la preuve de la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial, non seulement en maintenant un contexte juridique ambigu, mais en laissant en m\u00eame temps aux travailleurs un fardeau de la preuve rigoureux et prohibitif.<\/p>\n

En Colombie-Britannique, l\u2019affaire Campbell River<\/em> constitue la barre \u00e0 franchir pour d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il y a eu discrimination. Le travailleur doit d\u00e9montrer ce qui suit :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. la modification d\u2019une condition d’emploi impos\u00e9e par l’employeur; et<\/li>\n
  2. que le changement a entra\u00een\u00e9 une entrave grave \u00e0 une importante obligation parentale ou familiale.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ce crit\u00e8re, en particulier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9 par les juristes parce qu\u2019il impose un fardeau de la preuve plus lourd pour ce motif prot\u00e9g\u00e9 que pour les autres motifs prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

    Pour compliquer les choses, la Cour d’appel f\u00e9d\u00e9rale a \u00e9galement \u00e9labor\u00e9 son propre crit\u00e8re de discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial, crit\u00e8re que le Tribunal des droits de la personne de l’Ontario a par la suite remis en question. Essentiellement, le Tribunal s’est demand\u00e9 pourquoi un crit\u00e8re juridique unique de discrimination s\u2019av\u00e9rait \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire dans les affaires de statut familial.<\/p>\n

    Les d\u00e9cisions de la Cour supr\u00eame de la Colombie-Britannique, de la Cour d’appel f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et du Tribunal des droits de la personne de l\u2019Ontario illustrent le contexte juridique complexe et les difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial. L’affaire Suen <\/em>a fait na\u00eetre l’espoir qu’une d\u00e9cision rendue permettrait d\u2019\u00e9lucider un crit\u00e8re appropri\u00e9 pour les cas de discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial.<\/p>\n

    L\u2019employeur de M. Suen lui a demand\u00e9 d’accepter une affectation au Manitoba, d\u2019une p\u00e9riode de huit \u00e0 dix semaines, qu\u2019il a refus\u00e9e en d\u00e9clarant qu’il devait rester en Colombie-Britannique pour aider sa conjointe \u00e0 s’occuper de leur nouveau-n\u00e9. Par cons\u00e9quent, l’employeur a cong\u00e9di\u00e9 M. Suen avec motif valable, ce qui l’a amen\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une plainte devant le Tribunal des droits de la personne de la Colombie-Britannique. Ce dernier s’est demand\u00e9 si le crit\u00e8re de Campbell River<\/em> \u00e9tait appropri\u00e9 et il a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que la port\u00e9e de la protection en vertu du statut familial soit \u00e9largie pour inclure les responsabilit\u00e9s parentales. Le Tribunal a appliqu\u00e9 une optique progressiste et large au droit relatif aux droits de la personne.<\/p>\n

    Cette d\u00e9cision a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par la Cour supr\u00eame de la Colombie-Britannique. Mais, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvers\u00e9e par la Cour d’appel de la Colombie-Britannique. La d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s attendue, car elle devait clarifier les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s de la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial. Toutefois, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a rejet\u00e9 l\u2019appel de M. Suen, maintenant le champ d\u2019application \u00e9troit et la barre de preuve \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

    Bien que cette d\u00e9cision soit pertinente pour les employeurs et les travailleurs de la Colombie-Britannique, le fait que la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada ait maintenu la barre haute dans les affaires de statut familial aura certainement une incidence sur les affaires futures partout au pays.<\/p>\n

    Ce qui est certain, c\u2019est qu\u2019il n\u2019existe pas de crit\u00e8re normalis\u00e9 et que les employeurs ne sont pas tenus de permettre aux travailleurs d\u2019aider leur partenaire \u00e0 remplir leurs obligations familiales. La question de la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial continue d\u2019\u00e9voluer et ces cas de discrimination doivent \u00eatre examin\u00e9s avec soin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ivana Saula, directrice de la recherche du Canada Le statut familial en tant que motif de distinction illicite est relativement nouveau dans le domaine du droit des droits de la personne. Il est entendu qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019obligations parentales ou familiales ce qui incluent les soins fournis \u00e0 un enfant ou \u00e0 une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e. La […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droits-de-lhomme-8"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDiscrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial : la d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada confirme le maintien d\u2019un crit\u00e8re rigoureux - I Am Union<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Discrimination fond\u00e9e sur le statut familial : la d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada confirme le maintien d\u2019un crit\u00e8re rigoureux - I Am Union\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ivana Saula, directrice de la recherche du Canada Le statut familial en tant que motif de distinction illicite est relativement nouveau dans le domaine du droit des droits de la personne. 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